Fluent Bit

Fluent Bit is the DKP choice of open-source log collection and forwarding tool.

Audit Log Collection

Auditing in Kubernetes provides a way to chronologically document the actions taken on a cluster. On Kommander, by default, audit logs are collected and stored for quick indexing. Viewing and accessing can be done via the Grafana logging UI.

Collecting systemd logs from a non-default path

By default, Fluent Bit pods are configured to collect systemd logs from the /var/log/journal/ path on cluster nodes.

If systemd-journald running as a part of the OS on the nodes uses a different path for writing logs, you will need to override configuration of the fluent-bit AppDeployment to make Fluent Bit collect systemd logs.

To configure the Fluent Bit AppDeployment to collect systemd logs from a non-default path, follow these steps (all kubectl invocations refer to the management cluster):

1. Identify the systemd-journald log data storage path on the nodes of the clusters in the workspace by using the OS documentation and examining the systemd configuration.

   Usually it will be either /var/log/journal (typically used when systemd-journald is configured to store logs permanently; in this case the default Fluent Bit configuration should work) or /run/log/journal (typically used when systemd-journald is configured to use a volatile storage).

2. Extract the default Helm values used by the Fluent Bit App:

   kubectl get -n kommander configmaps fluent-bit-0.16.2-d2iq-defaults -o=jsonpath='{.data.values\.yaml}' > fluent-bit-values.yaml
   

3. Edit the resulting file fluent-bit-values.yaml by removing all sections except for extraVolumes, extraVolumeMounts and config.inputs. The result should look similarly to this:

   extraVolumes:
   # we create this to have a persistent tail-db directory an all nodes
   # otherwise a restarted fluent-bit would rescrape all tails
   - name: tail-db
     hostPath:
       path: /var/log/tail-db
       type: DirectoryOrCreate
   # we create this to get rid of error messages that would appear on non control-plane nodes
   - name: kubernetes-audit
     hostPath:
       path: /var/log/kubernetes/audit
       type: DirectoryOrCreate
   # needed for kmsg input plugin
   - name: uptime
     hostPath:
       path: /proc/uptime
       type: File
   - name: kmsg
     hostPath:
       path: /dev/kmsg
       type: CharDevice
   
   extraVolumeMounts:
   - name: tail-db
     mountPath: /tail-db
   - name: kubernetes-audit
     mountPath: /var/log/kubernetes/audit
   - name: uptime
     mountPath: /proc/uptime
   - name: kmsg
     mountPath: /dev/kmsg
   
   config:
     inputs: |
       # Collect audit logs, systemd logs, and kernel logs.
       # Pod logs are collected by the fluent-bit deployment managed by logging-operator.
       [INPUT]
           Name tail
           Alias kubernetes_audit
           Path /var/log/kubernetes/audit/*.log
           Parser kubernetes-audit
           DB /tail-db/audit.db
           Tag audit.*
           Refresh_Interval 10
           Rotate_Wait 5
           Mem_Buf_Limit 135MB
           Buffer_Chunk_Size 5MB
           Buffer_Max_Size 20MB
           Skip_Long_Lines Off
       [INPUT]
           Name systemd
           Alias kubernetes_host
           DB /tail-db/journal.db
           Tag host.*
           Max_Entries 1000
           Read_From_Tail On
           Strip_Underscores On
       [INPUT]
           Name kmsg
           Alias kubernetes_host_kernel
           Tag kernel
   

4. Add the following item to the list under the extraVolumes key:

   - name: kubernetes-host
     hostPath:
       path: <path to systemd logs on the node>
       type: Directory
   

5. Add the following item to the list under the extraVolumeMounts key:

   - name: kubernetes-host
     mountPath: <path to systemd logs on the node>
   

   These items will make Kubernetes mount systemd logs into Fluent Bit pods.

6. Add the following line into the [INPUT] entry identified by Name systemd and Alias kubernetes_host.

   Path <path to systemd logs on the node>
   

This is needed to make Fluent Bit actually collect the mounted logs

Assuming that the path to systemd logs on the node is /run/log/journal, the result will look similarly to this:

extraVolumes:
# we create this to have a persistent tail-db directory an all nodes
# otherwise a restarted fluent-bit would rescrape all tails
- name: tail-db
  hostPath:
    path: /var/log/tail-db
    type: DirectoryOrCreate
# we create this to get rid of error messages that would appear on non control-plane nodes
- name: kubernetes-audit
  hostPath:
    path: /var/log/kubernetes/audit
    type: DirectoryOrCreate
# needed for kmsg input plugin
- name: uptime
  hostPath:
    path: /proc/uptime
    type: File
- name: kmsg
  hostPath:
    path: /dev/kmsg
    type: CharDevice
- name: kubernetes-host
  hostPath:
    path: /run/log/journal
    type: Directory

extraVolumeMounts:
- name: tail-db
  mountPath: /tail-db
- name: kubernetes-audit
  mountPath: /var/log/kubernetes/audit
- name: uptime
  mountPath: /proc/uptime
- name: kmsg
  mountPath: /dev/kmsg
- name: kubernetes-host
  mountPath: /run/log/journal

config:
  inputs: |
    # Collect audit logs, systemd logs, and kernel logs.
    # Pod logs are collected by the fluent-bit deployment managed by logging-operator.
    [INPUT]
        Name tail
        Alias kubernetes_audit
        Path /var/log/kubernetes/audit/*.log
        Parser kubernetes-audit
        DB /tail-db/audit.db
        Tag audit.*
        Refresh_Interval 10
        Rotate_Wait 5
        Mem_Buf_Limit 135MB
        Buffer_Chunk_Size 5MB
        Buffer_Max_Size 20MB
        Skip_Long_Lines Off
    [INPUT]
        Name systemd
        Alias kubernetes_host
        Path /run/log/journal
        DB /tail-db/journal.db
        Tag host.*
        Max_Entries 1000
        Read_From_Tail On
        Strip_Underscores On
    [INPUT]
        Name kmsg
        Alias kubernetes_host_kernel
        Tag kernel

1. Execute the following command to get the namespace of your workspace:

   kubectl get workspaces
   

2. Copy the value under WORKSPACE NAMESPACE column for your workspace. This may NOT be identical to the Display Name of the Workspace.

3. Export the WORKSPACE_NAMESPACE variable:

   export WORKSPACE_NAMESPACE=<WORKSPACE_NAMESPACE>
   

4. Create a ConfigMap manifest with override values from fluent-bit-values.yaml:

   cat <<EOF >fluent-bit-overrides.yaml
   apiVersion: v1
   kind: ConfigMap
   metadata:
     namespace: ${WORKSPACE_NAMESPACE}
     name: fluent-bit-overrides
   data:
     values.yaml: |
   $(cat fluent-bit-values.yaml | sed 's/^/    /g')
   EOF
   

5. Create a ConfigMap from the manifest above:

   kubectl apply -f fluent-bit-overrides.yaml
   

6. Edit the fluent-bit AppDeployment to set the value of spec.configOverrides.name to the name of the created ConfigMap. (You can use the steps in the procedure, Deploy an application with a custom configuration as a guide.)

   kubectl edit -n ${WORKSPACE_NAMESPACE} fluent-bit
   

   After your editing is complete, the AppDeployment resembles this example:

   apiVersion: apps.kommander.d2iq.io/v1alpha2
   kind: AppDeployment
   metadata:
     name: fluent-bit
     namespace: ${WORKSPACE_NAMESPACE}
   spec:
     appRef:
       name: fluent-bit-0.16.2
       kind: ClusterApp
     configOverrides:
       name: fluent-bit-overrides
   

7. Log in into the Grafana logging UI of your workspace and verify that logs with a label log_source=kubernetes_host are now present in Loki.

Related information

For information on related topics or procedures, refer to the following:

• Logging